Photos of Water and Wastewater Construction

This blog provides general information about what to expect during construction. This is not comprehensive and may not include all equipment or construction situations.

Water and Wastewater Terms

WATER

Service Lines are the pipes between the water main under the street and the water meter. Sizes are ¾-inch or 1-inch in diameter at the meter box.

Water Mains (also distribution mains) are the pipes under the street that serve immediate customers and neighborhoods. Sizes range 4 to 12-inch diameter pipe along public streets or appropriate rights-of-way used for distributing water to individual customers.

Transmission Mains are the pipes under the street that serve several neighborhoods and zip codes. Sizes range from 16-inches in diameter to 72-inches.

WASTEWATER

Laterals convey wastewater (sewage) from an individual building to a gravity sewer pipe in the road right of way or a Charlotte Water easement.

Manholes are the access points for inspecting and maintaining wastewater pipes.

Low-Pressure Sanitary Sewer (LPSS) helps push wastewater away from properties near steep and uneven topography (usually near lakes and creeks).  Properties with this special need also have specialized maintenance needs. 

Trunk receives waste from laterals and conveys wastewater under the street or behind buildings along easements.

Interceptor is a large pipe that gathers wastewater from other trunks or collector pipes to convey to a wastewater treatment plant. Sizes range from 8-inches in diameter to 30-inches.

Relief Sewer is a large pipe to assist the existing interceptor when flows are reaching capacity. These pipes help prevent sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs) especially during heavy rain events. Sizes range from 12-inches in diameter to 78-inches.

Force Main & Pump Stations (also known as lift stations) pump neighborhood(s) wastewater from one creek/drainage basin to another through force mains to gravity flow sewer lines so that it can be conveyed to a wastewater treatment plant.

Project Types

  • photo of Crews installing new pipe to replace older pipe.
  • photo of men helping lower a blue pvc pipe into a trench for a water main replacement
  • photo of Crew cleaning underground pipe while customers are served with an above ground pipe.
  • Crews will be on scaffolding installing a sock-like lining inside an existing pipe through manholes. The sock-like liner will extend the wastewater pipe’s service life minimizing construction in the area.
  • photo of project inspector inspecting developer funded projects
  • photo of Meter and meter box installed for a new customer.

Capital Investment Plan (CIP)

Projects identified and budgeted through the Capital Investment Plan. These include projects to serve growing service areas, enhancements at water and wastewater treatment plants and other facilities, and to reline/replace old pipes. Size of equipment and construction zones will vary.

Pipe Replacement

Replacing the water main and/or service pipes (between the water main under the street to the water meter) to reduce future leaks/repairs due to age. Typical construction zone is a few street blocks.

Water Rehabilitation

Crews clean inside of 50+ year old pipes in the oldest neighborhoods. A temporary above-ground drinking water pipe may be installed.  Above-ground water pipes serve customers while the water pipe under the street is cleaned and relined with an epoxy solution. All pipes are tested for water quality. A typical construction area is several street blocks.

Wastewater Rehabilitation

Crews clean inside the pipe and install a

sock-like lining inside an existing pipe through manholes. Think of it as a new pipe inside the old pipe. The construction area may be in the street or the backyards.

Developer ‘Donated’ Projects (Installation Development Services, IDS)

Developers install new water and wastewater pipes and then donate to CLTWater.
CLTWater inspects pipe installation and tests pipes.

New Service Tap, Street Main Extension

Customers currently on well, septic, or developing a vacant lot can apply for water or wastewater service if it is within 1,000 feet of their property. Extending the pipe to serve a new customer may take months, depending on the location of the existing infrastructure and required permits.

What To Expect Before Construction

photo of two surveyors using equipment to take measurements that will help design a water or wastewater extension project.

Surveying

Survey crews determine the required depth for pipes by calculating the elevations in the area. Stakes, brightly colored flagging, and paint marks may appear in your yard or on the street after a survey crew has worked.

crew blowing smoke into a wastewater manhole to find any cracks in the wastewater pipe.

Smoke Testing

Crews may blow smoke into wastewater pipes to identify potential pipe cracks (where smoke escapes). Customers will be notified in advance.

photo of a large equipment used to assess soil and rock conditions so contractor can be more prepared for where to expect rock along the pipe alignment.

Soil Boring

Subcontractors may conduct subsurface investigations (also known as test pit or soft dig) to assess existing utilities as well as soil and rock conditions along the pipe alignment.

photo of a person spray painting or locating the underground utilities before a contractor begins digging.

Locates (Spray Painting)

Utilities spray paint where fiber optic, gas, and water pipes to inform contractors before  they dig.

a black fencing between the construction zone and private property to prevent soil or sediment from washing away.

Silt Fence

Silt fencing prevents soil /sediment from washing away.

photo of chain link fencing with a screening fabric.

Fencing

Security and privacy fencing may be installed.

photo of a small flag with charlotte water logo.

Ribbons, Stakes, & Spray Paint

The project area will have various markings along the pipe alignment.  Trees may be labeled differently. Please talk to the project manager or inspector to confirm what markings may mean for the project.

large equipment used to clear trees and bushes that are in the construction easement.

Clearing

The easement and temporary construction easement will be cleared of trees (with some exceptions) and restored to grass after pipe installation. CLTWater will preserve trees if possible.

photo of the top of a wastewater manhole with area cleared around it and trees on the sides. the area is being restored back to grass after construction.

Easement

The easement for a project will vary based on size of pipe, required depth, and other factors.

photo of a semitruck delivering pipes. a backhoe is taking them off the truck and stacking them in prepartion fro

Pipe Delivery and Storage

Pipe, equipment, soil and other materials are stored in the construction easement or road right-of-way.

a photo of a man helping a trackhoe lift a 48-inch water pipe off a tractor trailer.

48-inch drinking water pipe delivered to a construction area.

several pipes laying beside the street.

6-inch drinking water pipe along the side of the road during a water pipe replacement project.

What To Expect During Construction

a photo of two large excavators digging in a park with a mound of dirt behind them.

Construction Zone

Construction zones will be large enough for excavators and dump trucks to move.

a photo of a trackhoe digging up the middle of the street

Trackhoe & Backhoe
Excavators use a bucket on a hinged boom to remove dirt in the middle of the road for a new 36-inch pipe.

a photo of a backhoe in use with cones as flaggers help drivers around the construction zone, smaller than the  previous photo.

Crews using a backhoe at a water pipe rehabilitation project

a photo of equipment used to cut asphalt

Asphalt Cutter & Impact Hammer

Equipment used to break or cut asphalt to expose the pipe.

a photo of equipment used to break asphalt

a photo of a man looking at engineering plans for construction. the man is a construction inspector.

Inspectors

CLTWater inspectors will verify that pipes are installed in accordance with the design and assist customers.

a photo of an excavator dumping dirt into a dump truck.

Dump Trucks

Several dump trucks may assist with construction to remove and add soil, gravel, etc.

a photo of a trench box in a trench with a person working inside the box.

Trench Box

Trench boxes protect workers from cave-ins while installing, inspecting, or replacing pipes in the trench.

Wastewater Pipe Construction

a photo of two large excavators on a road that is closed for construction for a large wastewater pipe installation.

Large Equipment

24-inch wastewater pipe project under a street.

a photo of construction equipment driving over a creek that continues to flow via storm drain pipes.

Creek Crossing

Contractors may create a safe creek crossing for equipment. Large pipes keep the creek flowing underneath.

a photo of crews are lowering the top of a wastewater pipe manhole.

Manholes

Manholes vary in size depending on the amount of wastewater generated by a community.

Drinking Water Pipe Construction

a photo of two men using a valve key to turn water off to repair a pipe.

Valves

Crews may use drinking water valves to temporarily turn off water to a pipe.

a photo of crews flowing water from a fire hydrant after a repair.

Fire Hydrant Flushing

Crews may flow hydrants to test or maintain water quality.

photo of Meter and meter box installed for a new customer.

Meter Box Installation

A new water service installation includes: pipe near the property line, meter, and meter box. The property owner is responsible for connecting plumbing to tailpiece leaving the meter box.

a photo showing a fire hydrant including the exposed pipe and valve that are typically under ground.

Fire Hydrant Installation or Replacement

Fire hydrants are installed to provide emergency water service.

photo of 72-inch water transmission pipe to serve several neighborhoods.

A 72-inch water transmission pipe to serve several neighborhoods.

a photo of a 24-inch water pipe being lowered into a trench with a crew member watching it.

24-inch drinking water pipe installation.

a photo of a crew member on one side of the street working with crew on other side to install water service pipe under the pipe without trenching the entire street. a small backhoe or excavator can be used for a typical water main replacement or service line replacement project.

6-inch drinking water pipe replacement project, including new service pipes to each water meter.

What Does Tunneling (Boring) Look Like

a photo of a large tunneling operation installing wastewater pipe under a busy street. The photo includes a large pit or trench with tall trenchboxes, a trackhoe, crane, fencing and materials needed to tunnel underground.

CLTWater may tunnel under major roads to reduce lane closures. Tunneling requires entry and exit pits. Tunneling takes several months to complete. Some boring operations may be smaller to go under a large tree or driveway.

a photo of a large tunnel boring machine being lowered onto a tractor trailer.

Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)

Some tunnel boring machines uses disc cutters to fracture rock.

a photo of a tunnel boring machine inside a pit with ladders to get down to the tunnel.

Tunnel boring machine at the bottom of the photo.

a photo of a man connecting a hook to a metal casing as part of tunneling process.

The pipe is installed inside a metal casing to
protect the pipe, the street, and other infrastructure above the tunnel.

a photo from inside a tunnel looking back at the entry pit or hole where someone is working.

View from inside the tunnel looking at the entry pit.

Cranes may be required to move equipment and dirt.

Cranes may be required to move equipment and dirt.

What Does Rock Blasting Look Like?

a photo of an excavator is lowering heavy matts in preparation for blasting.

CLTWater may contact customers to conduct a pre-blast survey to record building details.

A seismograph monitor records blast vibrations to
verify they are within safe specifications.

Blasting is a standard construction procedure for removing rock when other methods are not effective.

Holes are drilled to insert the dynamite charges into the rock.

Residents may hear a warning horn, a muffled noise, and slight vibration or rumble similar to a slammed door or thunder.

What Does Water Rehabilitation Look Like?

When pipes exceed 50 years of service, CLTWater can extend their service life through rehabilitation. Crews will clean and add a new interior lining. First, the contractor will install a temporary above-ground drinking water pipe and test it for quality. Once the above-ground pipe is approved, customers are connected.

What Does Wastewater Rehabilitation Look Like?

Crews will be on scaffolding, installing a sock-like lining inside an existing pipe through manholes. The sock-like liner will extend the wastewater pipe’s service life, minimizing construction in the area.

What Does Restoration Look Like?

  • wastewater pipe construction inthe street with two excavators with a ternch.
  • restored area showing repaved road and new grass
  • All construction and restoration by CLTWater contractors includes a one year warranty.
  • Subcontractors or Charlotte Department of Transportation (CDOT) Street Maintenance may repave a larger area than the trench after the project is complete.

What Do Charlotte Water’s Visible Utility Structures On Private Property Look Like?

  • Fire hydrants are installed within 1,000 feet of every existing property served by Charlotte Water.
  • photo of a water sampling station (green) The purpose is to monitor quality of water within the system.
  • photo of grass and two circles in the lawn that are the meter lids so that crews can turn water off to a water pipe to replace or repair a pipe.
  • Auto-flushers are used on dead ends or locations to flow water where water flow isn’t optimal to maintain excellent water quality.
  • Manholes are installed flush with grass if in a maintained yard. If the manhole is installed in a floodplain, it may have a vent coming out of it or may be raised.

Meet the 2026 Utility Tech I Apprentices: Growth, Goals, and What’s Next

Every career begins with a first step, but what comes next is just as important.

Charlotte Water’s Utility Tech I Apprenticeship is designed not only to train employees for today’s work, but to help them build long-term careers. Through hands-on experience, mentorship, and professional development, apprentices gain the skills and confidence needed to grow within the organization.

In the final installment of our three-part series, we hear from several apprentices about their future goals and what they hope to achieve through the program.

Portrait of Tyis Cunningham wearing a green button-down shirt and smiling against a blue background.

Tyis Cunningham

Before becoming an apprentice, Tyis built a career in construction and heavy equipment operation, working on projects ranging from commercial development to infrastructure work.

His experience operating machinery and working in the field provided him with a strong foundation for the hands-on work in water utilities. Tyis said the apprenticeship offers an exciting opportunity to expand his skills in a new industry.

“I’m excited to learn something different and earn new certifications,” he said.

He is particularly interested in continuing his education while building his career. In addition to pursuing industry certifications, he hopes to take business and accounting classes to help him grow professionally and personally.

“I want to leave a legacy,” he said. “I want to make sure I’m building something that lasts.”

Outside of work, Tyis enjoys spending time outdoors hunting, fishing, and riding ATVs.

Portrait of Keijuan Green wearing a light gray polo shirt against a blue background.

Keijuan “KayJay” Green

Before joining Charlotte Water, Keijuan Green, who goes by KayJay, gained experience across a wide range of industries, including construction, landscaping, railroad operations, and restaurant management. Throughout those roles, he developed strong leadership and communication skills that continue to shape his approach to his work today.

“I’ve always been someone who can work with anybody,” he said. “No matter someone’s background, I can find a way to connect and work together.”

KayJay had also pursued coursework in construction and plumbing at Central Piedmont Community College, making the apprenticeship a natural next step toward the hands-on trade career he had been pursuing. He hopes to continue developing his leadership abilities and eventually move into an operator role.

“I finally feel like I’ve found a career,” he said. “I want to grow here and build something long-term.”

Outside of work, KayJay is a former two-time state champion wrestler who spent much of his youth competing in athletics.

Portrait of Allen Blackmann wearing a patterned black-and-cream collared shirt and smiling against a blue background.

Allen Blackmann

Allen entered the apprenticeship with a background in aviation work at the airport and technical training through Goodwill’s training program. While the water and wastewater field was new to him, the opportunity to build a long-term career quickly stood out.

“Charlotte Water has a lot to offer,” he said. “It’s not just short-term. If you put in the time and learn, it benefits you in the future.”

As an apprentice, Allen focuses on learning from experienced crew members and building the skills needed to succeed in the field. Much of the training so far has emphasized communication, teamwork, and professionalism.

“It’s not just about the labor,” he explained. “They’re really building your character and teaching you how to communicate and work with people.”

Looking ahead, Allen hopes to grow within the organization and eventually step into leadership opportunities once he gains more experience in the field.

Apprentices lined up for a group picture, an apprentice named Ten sits at a table in the front with two instructors, signing a paper for completing training.
A group photo taken at the apprenticeship signing

Building the Future of Charlotte Water

The Utility Tech I Apprenticeship program reflects Charlotte Water’s investment in developing skilled employees and creating long-term career pathways. Each apprentice brings unique experiences, goals, and perspectives, but they share a common commitment to learning, teamwork, and serving the community.

As this year’s cohort continues their training, they are not only developing technical skills but also laying the foundation for the next generation of water utility professionals.

Getting to learn about each apprentice’s story has been a privilege, and their passion and commitment make it clear that the future of our community is in good hands!

Meet the 2026 Utility Tech I Apprentices: Inside the Apprenticeship

What happens after you’re accepted into the program?

While each apprentice arrived at Charlotte Water from a different path, they now share a common experience: structured training, hands-on preparation, and a culture built on accountability and teamwork. The Utility Tech I Apprenticeship blends technical instruction with personal development, ensuring participants are prepared not only for the work itself but also for long-term growth within the organization.

In this second installment of our three-part series, we take a closer look at what the apprenticeship experience feels like from the inside.

Headshot of DJ who has short curly dark hair and a full beard, smiling at the camera, wearing a tan sweater over a white collared shirt, against a blue blurred background.

DJ Hobbs

For DJ, the apprenticeship represents more than a career transition. Coming from a background in armed security and customer service, he was ready to move from contract work into something more stable and long-term. While new to water and wastewater, he quickly found that the program offered something he had not experienced before.

Each day begins at 7:30 a.m., often with a team-building activity that helps the group connect before diving into lessons. From emotional awareness and conflict resolution to preparing for life as a full-time employee, the training focuses on more than technical skills.

“They really care about your mental well-being,” DJ said. “They’re preparing you for real life.”

What surprised him most was the culture. After his son’s birth, his cohort signed a card and celebrated with him. “It feels like I have another family,” he shared.

Headshot of J'Mani who has short black hair and glasses, wearing a white dress shirt and light gray vest, looking at the camera with a neutral expression, against a blue blurred background.

J’Mani Moore

J’Mani entered the apprenticeship with prior experience in water and wastewater operations, having worked in facility maintenance for lift stations and treatment plants in Gaston County. For him, joining Charlotte Water was a step deeper into a field he already enjoyed.

While the technical training is valuable, J’Mani said the emphasis on interpersonal skills and emotional intelligence has stood out the most.

“I’m kind of in a rebranding phase of my life,” he shared. “Refining my attitude and emotional intelligence is something I can use every day.”

Even with a 50-minute commute and balancing family responsibilities, he views the structured training as an investment in both his career and personal growth.

Headshot of Akeem who has short dark hair and trimmed facial hair, wearing a black polo shirt, looking at the camera with a slight smile, against a blue blurred background.

Akeem Flowers

Akeem joined the program with experience in warehouse management, carpentry, and appliance installation. While new to water and wastewater, he quickly recognized that the apprenticeship offers more than technical instruction.

For Akeem, learning professionalism and workplace communication has been especially impactful. “Now coming in here and learning how I should be able to talk to coworkers, bosses, managers… it makes me feel more prepared,” he said.

He was also surprised by the level of organizational support. From great benefits to leadership that encourages internal mobility and career pathways, Akeem said the program feels like an opportunity to grow within a company that invests in its people.

Headshot of Darrell who has glasses and a full beard wearing a green and blue plaid button-down shirt, standing in front of a textured blue background with soft white accents.

Darrell Akrie

Darrell entered the apprenticeship with prior experience in sewer and water operations, having worked in both York County and with Charlotte Water. For him, the program represents continued growth within a field he already knows well.

He describes each day as an opportunity to remain open-minded and learn new systems as operations evolve. Operator training has been especially meaningful, including hands-on exposure to equipment such as front loaders and excavators.

Darrell has been impressed by the consistency of communication and teamwork throughout the program. Even as they adapt to new digital tools and technologies, he and his cohort rely on one another through collaboration and shared support.

For Darrell, completing the apprenticeship means unlocking new possibilities and continuing to build a career rooted in service and growth.

Group of apprentices wearing bright orange safety jackets and hard hats posing together inside a water treatment plant, standing in front of large blue machinery and yellow metal stairs.
Apprentices inside a Water Treatment Plant

While each apprentice’s experience is unique, a common theme continues to emerge: the Utility Tech I Apprenticeship is not simply job training. It is preparation for a sustainable career, built on technical skills, personal development, and a strong team foundation.

In our final installment, we will explore what comes next for these apprentices. From long-term goals to the future, they hope to build within Charlotte Water.

Meet the 2026 Utility Tech I Apprentices: How They Got Here

Behind every apprenticeship is a story.

Charlotte Water’s Utility Tech I Apprenticeship brings together individuals from different industries, experiences, and stages of life, all united by a shared goal: building a meaningful, long-term career in public service. This year’s cohort did not follow one single path to get here. Some pivoted from different industries. Some applied more than once. Others are continuing family legacies or stepping into a completely new trade.

In this first installment of our three-part series, we are highlighting how four apprentices found their way to Charlotte Water and what motivated them to take that next step.

A headshot picture of Ten, an apprentice, smiling. She has curly blonde hair and wears clear framed glasses. She's wearing a yellow sweater with a white collar.

Teneia “Ten” Howie

Teneia, who goes by Ten, grew up in Monroe, North Carolina, and spent the past three years working part-time at American Airlines, while searching for a long-term career path. Even though she absolutely loved her position at American Airlines, she felt ready for something different. This led to her enrollment at Goodwill’s trade school program, where she earned certifications and received career placement support.

With support from her trade school, Ten refined her resume and successfully secured a spot in the apprenticeship on her second application.

“It’s been a process,” she shared, reflecting on her journey. But a process well worth the hard work and effort she’s put in.

Although new to the water and wastewater field, Ten embraced the apprenticeship as a fresh start and an opportunity to grow in a stable, hands-on career.

A headshot picture of Shakir, smiling and wearing a blue polo shirt.

Shakir Cleveland

Shakir Cleveland brings decades of hands-on experience to the program. He began working hands on jobs at 17, spending years in construction and outdoor labor roles. Through his family’s plumbing business, he also gained early exposure to working with tools and trade work.

While he excelled in office-based customer service and mortgage roles, even earning high-performance recognition, he realized something important about himself: he did not thrive behind a desk.

“I just did not like being stuck in an office setting,” he said.

After exploring different paths, Shakir found that working outdoors felt like where he belonged. The Utility Tech I Apprenticeship offered the structure, teamwork, and long-term career opportunity he had been searching for.

A headshot picture of William, he has thin framed glasses and a tan button up shirt.

William Devizia

William Devizia was born in Korea and raised in Charlotte, bringing extensive utilities experience to the apprenticeship. Before joining Charlotte Water, he worked with Honeywell and later contracted with Piedmont Natural Gas and Duke Energy. In those roles, he helped transition traditional AMR meters to AMI “smart” meters, enabling remote readings and increased efficiency.

After consistently performing well in his previous roles, William was hired full-time and continued building his technical expertise. Although new specifically to water and wastewater operations, he saw the Utility Tech I Apprenticeship as a natural next step in his utilities career.

For William, the program represents continued growth and long-term opportunity within the industry.

A headshot picture of Emiliano, he's smiling and wearing a grey shirt.

Emiliano Guatemala

At just 20 years old, Emiliano is already focused on building stability for his family. A father of two, he previously worked in HVAC installation, gaining hands-on experience in physically demanding environments.

Emiliano was drawn to the apprenticeship for its long-term benefits and advancement opportunities. He also follows in his father’s footsteps, who has worked at Charlotte Water for several years.

“I love it,” he said, describing the program so far. “And now I know my kids are going to be set.”

For Emiliano, an apprenticeship is more than a job. It is a foundation for growth, both professionally and personally.

A picture from behind of a couple of the apprentices on a work site, wearing their PPE. The sun is shining on a clear day.
Apprentices touring a Water Plant

These four apprentices represent just a portion of this year’s Utility Tech I cohort, but their journeys highlight the diverse paths that lead to public service careers at Charlotte Water.

In Part Two of this series, we will take a closer look at what it is really like to be a Utility Tech I apprentice, from day-to-day training to the skills they are developing along the way.